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Cognitive disorders are characterized by impairments in cognitive function, which includes aspects such as thought processes, memory, attention, and problem-solving abilities. Intellectual disabilities and dyslexia are both recognized as cognitive disorders.

Intellectual disabilities encompass a range of conditions that affect various cognitive capacities, including learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. Individuals with intellectual disabilities often have limitations in adaptive functioning that can affect their daily lives.

Dyslexia, on the other hand, is a specific learning disability that impacts reading and linguistic processing. It often manifests as difficulties in accurate and fluent word recognition and poor spelling and decoding abilities, all of which are linked to cognitive processes.

The other options do not qualify as cognitive disorders in the same manner. For instance, color blindness and low vision pertain to visual impairments, impacting the ability to perceive colors rather than cognitive functions. Social, emotional, and behavioral disorders, while involving cognitive elements, primarily affect social interactions and emotional regulation rather than core cognitive abilities. Seizure disorders and muscle fatigue are related to neurological and physical health, respectively, rather than cognitive impairments. This distinction underlines why intellectual disabilities and dyslexia are the suitable examples of cognitive disorders.